Saturday, December 3, 2011
Thursday, December 1, 2011
Kereta Elektrik
Kereta yang menggunakan motor elektrik untuk menghasilkan pergerakan. Sumber tenaga elektrik diperoleh dari bateri dalam kereta itu. Sumber lain yang berpotensi ialah dari fuel cell dan tenaga suria. Motor elektrik yang sering digunakan sekarang adalah dari jenis motor arus ulang-alik (AU). Kebelakangan ini, motor yang menggunakan magnet kekal juga popular kerana kos magnet kekal yang semakin menurun dan kualiti semakin meningkat.
Prof Madya Dr Nik Rumzi Nik Idris dari Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), berkata secara ringkas, kereta elektrik bergerak apabila motor elektrik menghasilkan daya kilas dan ya memutarkan tayar.
Katanya, kelajuan dan kuasa pemacuan kereta elektrik adalah berdasarkan kelajuan atau daya kilas motor elektrik. Pengawalan daya kilas atau kelajuan motor boleh dilakukan secara cekap dan pantas menggunakan penukar elektronik kuasa.
“Apabila pemandu menekan pedal pemecut, pengawal akan memberikan isyarat kepada penukar elektronik kuasa untuk membekalkan arus atau voltan kepada motor yang berkadaran dengan tekanan kaki yang dikenakan pada pedal.
“Kuasa yang digunakan untuk membrek boleh dikembalikan untuk mengecas bateri. Ini bermakna tenaga untuk membrek tidak akan hilang sebagai haba seperti kereta biasa,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, penggunaan tenaga kereta elektrik lebih cekap kerana motor elektrik serta penukar elektronik kuasa boleh mencapai kecekapan hingga 90 peratus, berbanding enjin kereta pembakaran bahan api yang biasanya mempunyai kecekapan 20 peratus.
Selain itu, katanya kos penyelenggaraan lebih rendah kerana tidak membabitkan penukaran minyak enjin, brek dan ekzos. Namun kos bateri adalah agak tinggi dan jangka hayat bateri haruslah panjang untuk memastikan bateri tidak perlu selalu ditukar.
WALAUPUN menjimatkan penggunaan minyak, kereta hibrid belum meluas di pasaran akibat pelbagai halangan.
Antara faktor halangan utama adalah harga yang lebih mahal kerana kereta hibrid mempunyai banyak komponen, berbanding sistem konvensional. Kebanyakan komponen adalah elektronik yang kompleks, terutama sistem kawalan.
Sebuah kereta hibrid Honda dengan enjin kapasiti 1.3 liter berharga antara RM160,000 hingga RM170,000. Kos kereta yang sama tetapi menggunakan enjin pembakaran dalam pula berharga antara RM110,000 hingga RM120,000.
Perbezaan harga yang besar ini kerana reka bentuk kereta hibrid yang kompleks. Badan kenderaan ini dikatakan diperbuat daripada aluminium yang mahal untuk meringankan keseluruhan kenderaan.
Bolehkah kos kereta hibrid dikurangkan? Dekan Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Prof Dr Azhar Abdul Aziz, percaya ini boleh dilakukan dengan penggunaan komponen elektronik secara meluas, kos pemasangan yang rendah dengan peningkatan permintaan, reka bentuk mudah dan ringkas serta subsidi kerajaan.
Katanya, ini memerlukan penyelidikan rapi oleh pengeluar kenderaan dalam usaha menembusi pasaran di dunia.
Penggunaan kereta hibrid tidak terlepas daripada kontroversi kerana isu alam sekitar akibat penggunaan bateri sistem hibrid.
Ketika ini, kereta hibrid menggunakan dua jenis bateri, iaitu nikel logam hidrid (nickel metal hydride) dan lithium ion. Walaupun kurang toksik berbanding yang berasaskan plumbum, bateri hibrid tetap dianggap berbahaya.
Selain itu, teknologi hibrid masih baru dan memerlukan pengujian rapi serta masih kurang pusat servis yang menyediakan perkhidmatan lepas jualan.
Ketika pengeluar kereta gergasi dunia berlumba-lumba memajukan kereta hibrid, pengeluar kereta kecil, termasuk Proton, menghadapi cabaran sama ada turut mengeluarkan kereta ini atau terus ketinggalan.
Dr Azhar berkata, cabaran pengeluar kereta kecil untuk menghasilkan teknologi hibrid adalah kos pelaburan yang tinggi, keperluan tenaga pakar penyelidikan dan suatu jangka masa untuk melihat hasil penyelidikan tercapai.
KERETA HIBRID
Walaupun prototaip kereta hibrid berjaya dihasilkan, katanya pembinaan kilang mengeluarkan kereta hibrid memerlukan pelaburan besar dan rangkaian vendor yang banyak.
“Kita perlu ingat bahawa terdapat banyak pihak yang melaburkan wang berbilion ringgit untuk menghasilkan sistem hibrid yang boleh diguna secara komersil seperti General Motor, Chryesler, Toyota, Honda, Ford dan Citreon.
Usaha Proton untuk bersaing dalam teknologi dan pengeluaran kereta hibrid ibarat perlumbaan Formula One. Pelumba yang handal tidak mencukupi, tetapi memerlukan sokongan kewangan dan kerja berpasukan yang kukuh serta dedikasi.
Persoalan pokok kepada pengeluar tempatan adalah bersediakah mereka menceburi arena ini atau sekadar cukup dengan permintaan tempatan sedia ada?
KERETA HYDROFUEL
Hydrofuel yang dihasilkan sebuah syarikat tempatan, Hydrogen Fuel Industries (M) Sdn Bhd (HFI), adalah formula penjimatan bahan api hingga 29 peratus dengan menggunakan air sebagai bahan bakar bersama petrol.
Presiden HFI, Dr Halim Ali, berkata Hydrofuel menggunakan sistem teknologi air sebagai bahan bakar sesuai digunakan bagi kenderaan berkapasiti 2,000cc ke bawah.
Memperjelaskan teknologi itu, katanya: ”Air dipecahkan menggunakan frekuensi tinggi dan dikongsi kegunaannya bersama petrol ketika melalui injektor kereta.
“Melalui sistem ini, pemilik kenderaan boleh menjimatkan penggunaan petrol sebanyak 29 peratus dan pada masa sama, membantu memelihara alam sekitar,” katanya
Pengguna Hydrofuel hanya perlu memastikan sebuah air sebuah tong berkapasiti lima liter mencukupi. Setiap tong membolehkan penggunaannya bertahan hingga 2,000 kilometer.
Apabila air berkurangan, alat pengesan yang dipasang pada kenderaan akan memberi amaran supaya menambah air pada paras yang disyorkan.
Sumber : Blog Elektrik & Elektronik
Vehicle Offroad Tips
If your vehicle is to be off road for a period of time you would need to follow the tips provided below:
Ensure the vehicle is parked in a safe place where there would be no worry about falling objects.
If there is a problem of pests in the area where your vehicle is to be parked tie some naphthalene balls (Tar balls) in a small pouch and place the same under the bonnet, in the boot section and also in the cabin area.
Disconnect the battery terminals, to avoid any possibility of an electrical short circuit. Ensure that petroleum jelly is smeared over battery terminals to prevent oxidization.
If the vehicle were to remain stationary for a long period of time you would need to jack the vehicle up. Only an inch or two above the ground level would be required. Ensure that the jack is safe and will take the weight of the vehicle. You could also use blocks of wood or cement. The requirement is to take the weight of the vehicle off the tyres.
Fill the fuel tank to the top prior to garaging the vehicle. This will prevent the tank insides from catching rust.
Use a garage cover on the vehicle to prevent the paintwork from damage.
While re-starting the vehicle check all lubricant and coolant levels.
Get the battery charged at an authorized service agent prior to connecting the same.
Use water and a wet cloth to remove any oxidization (green powdery build up on the battery wire terminal). After the same has been cleaned use some polish paper to clean the contact area of the terminal to the battery.
Remove the vehicle from the stand if the air pressure is low in the Tyre get the same filled to the recommended pressure prior to using the vehicle.
Ensure all electrical connections are in place and no wires have been stripped or bitten by rodents or other such pests. If a bare wire is seen use insulation tape to cover the same. Also remember to get the same checked by a qualified electrician.
Open all doors and boot section of the vehicle and have the same cleaned with a damp cloth. This will get rid of the smell within the vehicle. Use an air freshener if necessary.
Start the vehicle. Do not rev the engine immediately after starting. The oil pressure needs to develop within the engine. If a cold engine is revved up it may cause a bearing failure and may also damage other parts.
After the engine has reached operating temperature drive the vehicle for a short while. Exercise caution while carrying out this operation. The brakes may not operate as required initially.
By PowerMoto
Ensure the vehicle is parked in a safe place where there would be no worry about falling objects.
If there is a problem of pests in the area where your vehicle is to be parked tie some naphthalene balls (Tar balls) in a small pouch and place the same under the bonnet, in the boot section and also in the cabin area.
Disconnect the battery terminals, to avoid any possibility of an electrical short circuit. Ensure that petroleum jelly is smeared over battery terminals to prevent oxidization.
If the vehicle were to remain stationary for a long period of time you would need to jack the vehicle up. Only an inch or two above the ground level would be required. Ensure that the jack is safe and will take the weight of the vehicle. You could also use blocks of wood or cement. The requirement is to take the weight of the vehicle off the tyres.
Fill the fuel tank to the top prior to garaging the vehicle. This will prevent the tank insides from catching rust.
Use a garage cover on the vehicle to prevent the paintwork from damage.
While re-starting the vehicle check all lubricant and coolant levels.
Get the battery charged at an authorized service agent prior to connecting the same.
Use water and a wet cloth to remove any oxidization (green powdery build up on the battery wire terminal). After the same has been cleaned use some polish paper to clean the contact area of the terminal to the battery.
Remove the vehicle from the stand if the air pressure is low in the Tyre get the same filled to the recommended pressure prior to using the vehicle.
Ensure all electrical connections are in place and no wires have been stripped or bitten by rodents or other such pests. If a bare wire is seen use insulation tape to cover the same. Also remember to get the same checked by a qualified electrician.
Open all doors and boot section of the vehicle and have the same cleaned with a damp cloth. This will get rid of the smell within the vehicle. Use an air freshener if necessary.
Start the vehicle. Do not rev the engine immediately after starting. The oil pressure needs to develop within the engine. If a cold engine is revved up it may cause a bearing failure and may also damage other parts.
After the engine has reached operating temperature drive the vehicle for a short while. Exercise caution while carrying out this operation. The brakes may not operate as required initially.
By PowerMoto
Sunday, November 27, 2011
Tips for Buying Used Cars
Purchasing used cars is a risky endeavor, and we say this because there is no way to assess a vehicle properly. You don’t want to end up wasting your time and money, do you? However, this doesn’t have to be the case – all you need is some patience.
Why Choose Used Cars?
Used vehicles are often the best values you can find in the automotive market, especially for late models. Not only are prices lower than comparable new cars, but ownership expenses such as collision insurance and taxes are lower, having taken the biggest hit in depreciation.
But first, you must know what you want. People who look for used cars without having an idea usually end up with something they do not need. Make sure to get something that suits your needs such as long distance travelling, family and so on.
Does Price Being The Top Priority?
Don’t buy the cheapest car. In the used car market, the cheapest doesn’t mean the best. Without your knowing, the car might have been involved in a major accident or require extensive repairs. It’s best to get something in an excellent condition, even with a heftier price tag.
Analyzed The Used Cars Carefully Before You Buy
You should also learn more about the car’s previous owner: was he/she a careful driver or was the car used for rental? Any clues on the history can tell you whether the car was abused or involved in a serious accident. If so, stay away from the vehicle!
Considering to buy a used car? Don’t forget to check out the list of Used Cars Dealers
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